How Animals Work

Knut Schmidt-Nielsen

За особеностите на екземпляра

Състояние:: Добро
Забележка:: Използвана книга, чисто книжно тяло, захабен вид.
Език:: Английски
Наличност:: 1 бр.

За изданието

Издателство:: Cambridge University Press
Град на издаване:: Cambridge, United Kingdom
Година:: 1974 г.
Език:: Английски
Страници:: 114
Корици:: Меки
Категория:: Научно-популярна литература
Тегло (гр.):: 153
Ширина (мм):: 140
Височина (мм):: 210
Дебелина (мм):: 12
ISBN:: 0521096928

An elegant analysis of how animals work and function. Professor Schmidt-Nielsen's incisive account gives a clear understanding of comparative physiology in relation to body size, form and function, energy supply, and environment. The author is concerned with principles. For example, he explains how difficult it may be to lose heat and water from the respiratory tract. This leads to a consideration of the mechanism of panting as a means of heat loss. The author describes the centuries-old problem of how birds breathe, which now has been solved in his laboratory. He then discusses energy expenditure for swimming, running, and flying, and the effects of activity on heat balance. The ability of mammals to maintain different parts of the body at different temperatures is explained on the basis of counter-current heat exchange; a related mechanism permits the fast-swimming tuna to enjoy some of the advantages of being warm-blooded. The problems raised by being small in size, or large, are considered in detail. It is shown that many physiological variables can be placed on a scale which permits the derivation of non-dimensional numbers to describe the interrelations between different parameters. This interesting and stimulating account was written primarily for students, but since it brings together and synthesizes much new and up-to-date information it will interest all biologists and physiologists. * CONTENTS Foreword by Professor Torkel Weis-Fogh 1 Respiration and evaporation Introduction Evaporation, mice and men A cold nose Flukes and flippers, or Countercurrent heat exchange Measurements on birds Effects on water balance Mathematical model of nasal heat exchange ‘ Cold-blooded ’ animals A perpetuum mobile? or A little-known heat engine 2 Panting and heat loss On cooling hot dogs Panting birds Modulation of heat dissipation 3 How birds breathe How air flows in the bird lung Control of air flow The throughrflow of air in the lung Evidence for countercurrent flow? Bird flight at altitude The trumpeter swan, or Dead-space and wing beat 4 Exercise, energy, and evaporation Air-cooled flying machines The cost of running 55 Flying and swimming 57 Activity, body temperature, and evaporation 60 A running bird 65 5 Countercurrent, a cheap trick 68 Keeping the head cool 68 More heat exchangers 70 Oxygen - a problem 73 Exchangers and multipliers - a cause of confusion 75 Whale arteries and an unlikely idea 81 In search of generalizations 83 6 Body size and problems of scaling 85 LSD and the elephant 86 Scaling the skeleton 88 Metabolic rate, size, and surface 89 Surface, a stifling constraint, or Easy equations 92 Oxygen supply, more scaling g6 Scaling of the lung 101 References 103 Index

Ключови думи: книги на английски език, зоология, диви животни