Statistics Without Tears

A Primer for Non-mathematicians

Derek Rownt

За особеностите на екземпляра

Състояние:: Добро
Забележка:: Здраво книжно тяло, без забележки в текста. Позахабени корици.
Език:: Английски
Наличност:: 1 бр.

За изданието

Издателство:: Pelican Books
Град на издаване:: London
Година:: 1987 г.
Език:: Английски
Страници:: 200
Корици:: Меки
Категория:: Математика
Ширина (мм):: 130
Височина (мм):: 200
ISBN:: 9780140223262

Contents Introduction 9 How to use this book 10 1. Statistical inquiry 13 Making sense of experience 14 What is statistics? 17 Descriptive and inferential statistics 19 Collecting a sample 23 2. Describing our sample 28 Statistical variables 28 Error, accuracy and approximations 35 3. Summarizing our data 38 Tables and diagrams 38 Central tendency (averages) 48 Measures of dispersion 50 4. The shape of a distribution 57 Skewed distributions 58 Introducing the normal distribution 64 Proportions under the normal curve 72 Comparing values 79 5. From sample to population 82 Estimates and inferences 82 The logic of sampling 86 A distribution of sample-means 87 Estimating the population-mean 94 Estimating other parameters 99 6. Comparing samples 102 From the same or different populations? 102 Significance testing 107 The significance of significance 116 Comparing dispersions 122 Non-parametric methods 124 7. Further matters of significance 128 One- versus two-tailed tests 129 z-tests and t-tests 139 Comparing several means 141 Comparing proportions 150 8. Analysing relationships 155 Paired values 156 Three kinds of correlation 160 The strength of a correlation 161 The significance of a correlation coefficient 164 Interpreting a correlation coefficient 169 Prediction and regression 176 Postscript 185 Review 186 Caution 188 Bibliography 191 Index 197 *** Acknowledgements This book is dedicated to Professor Peter Moore of the London Business School who gave me just the kind of confidence in approaching statistics that I hope my book will give to its readers. I take this opportunity also of thanking my Open University colleagues, Professor Brian Lewis, John Bibby, Gordon Burt and Fred Lockwood - and Penguin’s advisory editor, David Nelson -for their detailed and constructive comments on earlier drafts which helped me greatly in preparing this final version of the book. Lastly, I thank my secretary, Heida Darling, for producing the immaculate typescript on which those comments were made. *** WHAT ARE STATISTICS? HOW DO YOU THINK STATISTICALLY? This book is written in the belief that the basic concepts of statistics can be learnt without having to perform calculations. If you are about to take a course in statistics, or if you want to know what the statisticians are trying to say to you, then this is the book for you. With it you can prime yourself with the ideas of the subject before getting involved in the associated calculations. Teaching by means of words and diagrams rather than through figures, formulae and equations, the author is providing an approach for the non-mathematical reader. To prevent this process from being too one-sided Rowntree has included questions in his argument; answer them as you go and you will be able to tell how far you have mastered the subject. This ‘tutorial in print’ is designed for everyone who needs or wants to know how statistics work. Cover illustration by Michael Foreman ISBN 0-14-022326-6 A PELICAN BOOK / Mathematics 9 780140 223262 *** PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group 27 Wrights Lane, London W8 5TZ, England Viking Penguin Inc., 40 West 23rd Street, New York, New York 10010, USA Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 2801 John Street, Markham, Ontario, Canada L3R 1B4 Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England First published 1981 Reprinted 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987 (twice) Copyright :copyright: Derek Rowntree, 1981 All rights reserved Printed and bound in Great Britain by Cox & Wyman Ltd, Reading Set in Monotype Times Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser

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